Ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo kwi-hardware processing industry iyaqhubeka nokunyuka.
Emva kokunyuka kwamaza kwikota yesine ye-2007, amaxabiso e-hardware yegumbi lokuhlambela aphinde avuka ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi 2008. Ukususela ngo-2007, ixabiso lethusi lamazwe ngamazwe liye lanyuka nge-66%;ixabiso lokuqalisa ubhedu kwiLondon Futures Exchange linyuke ukusuka kwi-US $ 1,800 / ton yokuqala kulo mjikelo ukuya kwi-US $ 7,300 / ton, ukunyuka okungaphezulu kwe-300%;i-nickel yokucubungula isinyithi efunekayo ukuveliswa kwensimbi engenasici Amaxabiso ezinye izinto zetsimbi anyuke ngokukhawuleza;ukusukela ngoMeyi ka-2008, amashishini eseramikhi anyuse amaxabiso enye emva kwenye, ngokunyuka komndilili we-8.6% kwiingceba zeceramic.Ngokubhekiselele kwi-hardware processing kwimarike yasekhaya.Ukunqongophala okuthile kwenzeka;I-Baosteel kunye ne-Rio Tinto yase-Australia, enye yabavelisi abakhulu behlabathi bentsimbi, bafikelela kwisivumelwano ngexabiso elimiselweyo lentsimbi ekrwada ngo-2008. inyuke nge-79.88%, 79.88% kunye ne-96.5% ngokulandelelanayo.Esi siphumo ngokungathandabuzekiyo sityhalele amashishini entsimbi angaphakathi kwinqanaba elingxamisekileyo nelibalulekileyo… La manani kunokuthiwa ayothusa.Amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza kwishishini lokulungisa i-hardware ayanda amaxesha ngamaxesha.Akumangalisi ukuba iimveliso ze-hardware zisebenza ngamaxabiso aphezulu
Ibisoloko inenzuzo yexabiso eliphantsi lezinto eziphathekayo kunye neendleko zabasebenzi kwizixhobo zokuvelisa kunye ne-hardware.Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ilizwe lam lilelona lizwe livelisa intsimbi enkulu kunye nelona lizwe linabantu abaninzi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kuye kwagcina ukukhula okuthe gqolo, nto leyo eyenza ilizwe lam libe lelinye labathengi abaphambili bemveliso yezixhobo zentsimbi emhlabeni.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokulawulwa komgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe we-macro, ixabiso lentsimbi, eyona nto iphambili, liye laphakama ngokukhawuleza ukususela kunyaka odlulileyo, urhulumente uye wanciphisa intlawulo yerhafu yokungenisa, kwaye ngenxa yempembelelo yeemeko zamazwe ngamazwe, imali iye yanciphisa isaphulelo serhafu. kuxatyiswa amaxesha ngamaxesha, kunye nokuphunyezwa 2008 Labour Contract uMthetho uye wazisa Ukwanda komdla wabasebenzi kuye ngokuthe ngcembe kwehla imeko yoshishino lokuvelisa e Shanghai, kunye nefuthe kushishino processing hardware kunye nabasebenzi axineneyo. kubaluleke kakhulu.Umkhwa wophuhliso lweshishini lasekhaya le-hardware alinathemba, kwaye kunokuthiwa kubi kakhulu.
Okwesibini, imeko yokusebenza yemarike yoshishino lwehardware kule minyaka isixhenxe idlulileyo
Ingeniso yentengiso yemveliso yesinyithi yaseTshayina iye yanda unyaka nonyaka, ngesantya sokukhula esingaphezulu kwe-14%, kwaye isikali semarike siye sanda amaxesha ngamaxesha.Ngo-2006, ingeniso yentengiso yoshishino yafikelela kwi-812.352 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, izinga lokukhula kwe-29.39%, phantse iminyaka esixhenxe.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-2000, ubungakanani beemarike buye banda ngamaxesha angama-2.62.Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye neshishini, imfuno yenani elikhulu lamalungu e-hardware yomelele, kwaye isikali semarike siyanda.Izinga lemveliso kunye nentengiso yoshishino lwemveliso yesinyithi yaseTshayina ihleli ingaphezulu kwexabiso lemveliso ye-96% kule minyaka isixhenxe idlulileyo.Umlinganiselo wemveliso kunye neentengiso kwiimarike zifanelekile.
3. Ubume bokuthelekisa uhlalutyo lwamacandelwana oshishino lwehardware ngo-2006
Ushishino lweemveliso zentsimbi lubandakanya ikakhulu amacandelwana ali-9.Ngo-2006, inani lamashishini kwishishini lemveliso yesinyithi yaseTshayina lafikelela kwi-14,828.Phakathi kwabo, inani lamashishini kwishishini lemveliso yesinyithi lifikelele kwi-4,199, libalelwa kwi-28.31% yemveliso yonke yeemveliso zetsimbi, ngokutsho "kuLwahlulo loShishino lwezoQoqosho lweSizwe".Ikwinqanaba lokuqala kuwo onke amacandelwana;kulandelwa kushishino lwemveliso yesinyithi yokwakha kunye nokhuseleko, i-akhawunti ye-13.33% yoshishino lwemveliso yesinyithi iphela, isinyithi esingenasici kunye nemveliso yemihla ngemihla yemveliso yesinyithi kunye namashishini okuvelisa izixhobo zetsimbi ahlukeneyo angama-32 kuphela., i-akhawunti ye-12.44% kunye ne-12.22% yoshishino lweemveliso zetsimbi, ngokulandelanayo.Inani lamashishini kwishishini lokuvelisa imveliso ye-enamel lincinci, i-198, ibala kuphela i-1.34% yoshishino lonke.Ubungakanani bemarike kushishino lweemveliso zesinyithi yesizwe yafikelela yuan 812.352 billion, apho isakhiwo Iimveliso zentsimbi ngokwesondo babalelwa 29% kwimarike ngo-2006. Ingaphezulu kancinci kunomlinganiselo inani lamashishini, ishishini lokuvelisa imveliso yeenamel kuphela akhawunti I-1.09% yoshishino lweemveliso zesinyithi.
Okwesine, ukwenziwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kukhuphiswano lwasekhaya kuya kuba yindlela yophuhliso lweshishini lelizwe lam lokulungisa izinto zentsimbi kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
1. Isikhundla se-China njengeziko lehlabathi lokusetyenzwa kwehardware kunye neziko lokuvelisa liya kuzinziswa ngakumbi
I-China ibe ngowona mmandla wezoqoqosho unamandla ehlabathini.Amanyathelo oqoqosho lwaseTshayina agqibelele noko, kunye nokukhawuleziswa kokudityaniswa kweTshayina kwimeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwamandla oqoqosho.Uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso alunangqondo kwaye neendleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi, kwaye lunoncedo oluthelekisekayo lokuba liziko lehlabathi lokulungisa izixhobo kunye neziko lokuvelisa.Ukusetyenzwa kwehardware kunye neshishini lemveliso liphawulwa kuphuhliso olujolise kumazwe angaphandle.Iphezulu kunezinga lokukhula kweentengiso kwimarike yasekhaya;i-hardware ephambili kunye neemveliso zombane ziqhakaza ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukomelezwa kwesikhundla esiphakathi kuqala kuthetha ukuba ukungeniswa kweemveliso ze-hardware kuye kwanda ngokubanzi kwiminyaka yamuva nje: izinga lokukhula kokungenisa kweemveliso ezinkulu ze-hardware liphezulu kunezinga lokukhula kwemveliso.Akunjalo kuphela izixhobo zamandla, izixhobo zezandla, iimveliso ze-hardware zokwakha ezifana neemveliso ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe zinezinga eliphezulu lokukhula, kodwa kunye nezinga lokukhula kwempahla yasekhitshini kunye neemveliso zegumbi lokuhlambela, ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isiqingatha sezinto ezivela ngaphandle, nazo zibaluleke kakhulu ngo-2004. Imakethi enkulu kunye namandla oxhuzulelo kwindawo ephakathi iya kutsala ngakumbi ukukhutshelwa kweziko lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zeenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe eTshayina.
2. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamashishini iya komelezwa kakhulu
Ukuze ufumane isikhundla esifanelekileyo sokhuphiswano kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana, ihlabathi liyakhuphisana.Inkunzi yepropathi ngomnye umxholo oqhuba ishishini.Ngo-2004, uSupor kunye neVantage zidweliswe ngokulandelelanayo.IHongbao ikwasebenza ngokukhutheleyo kuluhlu.Umsebenzi we-Capital market Wanhe awuyi kuyeka ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kohlengahlengiso kunye noYuemeiya.Ngokwembono yemali eyinkunzi, olona phawu luphambili ngoku kukuba ukwanda kwenkunzi kuyakhula.Ngokombono wokuziphatha okukhuphisanayo, intsebenziswano ekwabelaneni ngezibonelelo phakathi kwamashishini iyanda.
3. Ukonakala kweepali zomntla nasezantsi zamashishini kuya kuqina ngakumbi
Umphumo othe ngqo wolu hlobo lokutshatyalaliswa kwesantya esiphezulu kukwandiswa kwendlela yokuchithwa kwezibonda zaseMntla naseMzantsi kwi-hardware processing kitchen kunye nekampu ye-brand brand yangasese.
4. Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamajelo okuthengisa luya lusiba luqilima usuku nosuku
Uxinzelelo olusemgangathweni lunyukile, ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwempahla yasekhaya yokulungiswa kwehardware kunye neemveliso zegumbi lokuhlambela.Umjelo wokuthengisa uye waba yenye yezinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo, kwaye umlo wejelo uya usiba ngakumbi nangakumbi imihla ngemihla.Kwelinye icala, abavelisi bezixhobo zasekhitshini bomelezile ulawulo lweetheminali zokuthengisa, bezama ukunciphisa amakhonkco okuthengisa, ukonga iindleko zokuthengisa, kunye nokwenza amajelo okuthengisa aphuhlisele kwicala lobuchwephesha, kwaye iimodeli zentengiso yeshishini ziyaphuhla kwicala elinokuthi liziqhelanise neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. iimarike ngaxeshanye.Kwelinye icala, indlela yophuhliso lweshishini lentengiso lenze imeko yeevenkile ezinkulu zekhonkco lezixhobo zasekhaya zinyuka amaxesha ngamaxesha, kwaye amandla abo okulawula ishishini anyukile, athatha inxaxheba kwaye axhokonxa ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso ngaphambili. ilawulwa ngabavelisi.Abathengisi abakhulu baxhomekeke kurhwebo olubanzi lwabo, isikali sentengiso kunye neenzuzo zeendleko, kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukulawula amashishini emveliso ngokwexabiso lemveliso kunye nokuhanjiswa kwentlawulo kuya komelezwa imihla ngemihla.
5. Ukhuphiswano lwemarike luya kutshintshela kumgangatho ophezulu, iimveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu
Imida yenzuzo yazo zonke izigaba zekhonkco loshishino lwe-hardware iyaxinzelelwa, kwaye igumbi lokunciphisa ixabiso liyancipha imihla ngemihla.Amashishini amaninzi ayaqonda ukuba ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso lulodwa alukwazi ukuseka ukhuphiswano olungundoqo kwaye alukho ulwalathiso lophuhliso lwexesha elide, kwaye luzama ukuhlola iindlela ezintsha zophuhliso.Iinkampani ezininzi ze-hardware ziye zandisa utyalo-mali lobugcisa, zavelisa iimveliso ezitsha ezinomxholo we-teknoloji ephezulu, zithatha ukuhlukana kweemveliso njengeqhinga lexesha elide lophuhliso lwamashishini, zifuna imfuno entsha yemarike, kwaye ziseka iindawo ezintsha zokukhula koqoqosho (ezifana nezixhobo ezincinci zendlu kunye nezinye ezifanayo. amashishini), kulandela ukuba nzulu kokhuphiswano.Ukuze kuphunyezwe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamashishini.
6. Ukudityaniswa kwamashishini asekhaya nawaphesheya kuya kukhawuleziswa ngakumbi
Ukwandisa imarike yezizwe ngezizwe ngokukhawuleza, amashishini okulungisa izixhobo zasekhaya ukwenzela ukuphucula amandla awo.Ukudityaniswa namashishini angaphandle kuya kukhawuleziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokhuphiswano.Ngelixa uqhubeka nokwandisa iimarike zamazwe emveli anje nge-United States kunye neJapan, iSoutheast Asia, uMbindi Mpuma, iRussia, iYurophu kunye neAfrika nazo ziya kuqhakaza ngokupheleleyo.