Ukucotha kokukhula koqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokuguqulwa kobume boqoqosho lwayo nako kuya kuba nefuthe elimandla kuphuhliso lwe-inshurensi yothutho yehlabathi.Ukwehla komthamo wokungenisa elizweni kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe eChina kube sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuhla komthamo worhwebo lwehlabathi.Indlela yaseTshayina yokuxhomekeka kuphela kwimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze iqhube uqoqosho iyatshintsha.Kwangaxeshanye, ukucotha kokukhula koqoqosho kuye kwachaphazela kakhulu imfuno yezinto ezininzi.Amaxabiso ezinto eziphambili ezifana namandla, izimbiwa, kunye nezityalo ehle ngamanqanaba awahlukeneyo.Ukuhla kwamaxabiso empahla ngomnye wemiba ephambili ebangela ukwehla kwengeniso yepremiyamu ye-inshorensi yomthwalo wehlabathi.

Uthini malunga nohlalutyo kunye nentsingiselo yoshishino lwangaphandle lwe-2021 yorhwebo yorhwebo lwangaphandle ubume kunye nohlalutyo lwethemba

Ngo-2017, uqoqosho lwehlabathi luye lwachacha ngokuphakathi, kwaye uqoqosho lwangaphakathi lwaluzinzile kwaye luphucuka, nto leyo eyakhuthaza ukukhula okuqhubekayo korhwebo lwelizwe lam lwangaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe unyaka wonke.Ngokwezibalo zamasiko, ngo-2017, ixabiso lilonke lokungeniswa kwelizwe lam kunye nokuthengiswa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwakungama-27.79 eebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-14.2% ngo-2016, ukubuyisela umva kweminyaka emibini elandelelanayo yokwehla.Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwaba yi-15.33 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-10.8%;i-12.46 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-18.7%;intshiyekela yorhwebo yayiyi-2.87 yetriliyoni yeyuan, yehle nge-14.2%.Iimeko ezithile ziquka le miba ilandelayo:

1. Ixabiso lezinto ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe linyuke ngekota ngekota, kwaye izinga lokukhula konyaka nonyaka liye lehla.Ngo-2017, ixabiso lelizwe lam lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle linyuke ngekota ngekota, lafikelela kwi-6.17 yetriliyoni yeeyuan, 6.91 yetriliyoni yeyuan, 7.17 yetriliyoni yeyuan kunye ne-7.54 yetriliyoni yeyuan, inyuke nge-21.3%, 17.2%, 11.9% kunye ne-8.6% ngokulandelelanayo.

2. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumaqabane amathathu aphezulu arhwebayo kuye kwakhula ngokuhambelanayo, kwaye ukukhula nokuthumela ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe kunye ne "Belt and Road" kulungile.Ngo-2017, ukuthengiswa kwelizwe lam kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU, i-United States kunye ne-ASEAN kunyuke nge-15.5%, i-15.2% kunye ne-16.6% ngokulandelanayo, kwaye ezi zintathu zibalelwa kwi-41.8% yelizwe lam lilonke lokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle.Kwangaxeshanye, ukuthengwa kwelizwe lam kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle eRashiya, ePoland naseKazakhstan kunyuke nge-23.9%, 23.4% kunye ne-40.7% ngokulandelelanayo, zonke ziphezulu kunezinga lokukhula lilonke.

3. Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamashishini abucala kwanda, kwaye umlinganiselo wanda.Ngo-2017, amashishini abucala elizwe lam angenisa kwaye athumela i-10.7 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ukunyuka kwe-15.3%, i-38.5% yexabiso lelizwe lam lokungeniswa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, ukunyuka kwe-0.4 yeepesenti ngaphezu kwe-2016. iyuan, ukwanda kwe-12.3%, ibalwa kwi-46.5% yexabiso lilonke lokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye iqhubekile nokugcina indawo ephezulu kwisabelo sokuthumela ngaphandle, ukunyuka kwepesenti ze-0.6;ingeniso ibiyi-3.57 yetriliyoni yeyuan, ukwanda ngama-22%.

Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala zowama-2017, ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yoomatshini kunye nombane kweTshayina ibe yi-6.41 yetriliyoni yeeyuan, ukwanda nge-13%, ngepesenti eyi-0.6 yamanqaku aphezulu kunokukhula kohlumo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, nto leyo ethatha i-57.5% yexabiso lilonke lexabiso lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemoto, iinqanawa kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo zinyuke nge-28.5%, i-12.2% kunye ne-10.8% ngokulandelanayo.Ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu kwaba yi-3.15 yetriliyoni yeeyuan, ukwanda nge-13.7%.I-China iye yandise ukuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwaye yaphucula ubume bayo bokungenisa elizweni.Ukungeniswa kweemveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezifana nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, amacandelo abalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zikhule ngokukhawuleza.

Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala, iindidi ezisixhenxe zaseTshayina zeemveliso zemveli ezifuna abasebenzi abaninzi bathengise kumazwe angaphandle isixa esipheleleyo se-2.31 yetriliyoni yeeyuan, ukwanda nge-9.4%, nto leyo ethatha i-20.7% yexabiso lilonke lexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle.Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amathoyizi, iimveliso zeplastiki, iingxowa kunye nezikhongozeli ezifanayo zinyuke nge-49.2%, 15.2% kunye ne-14.7% ngokulandelelanayo.

Ngo-2019, urhwebo lwelizwe lam lwangaphandle kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle lufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo encomekayo lukhuthaze uphuhliso loshishino lwelizwe lam lwangaphandle.Kuxelwe ukuba ngale ntsasa, i-Ofisi yeNgcaciso yeBhunga likaRhulumente ibambe inkomfa yabezindaba, kwaye uLawulo Jikelele lweSiko lwabhengeza i-2019 yelizwe lam lokurhweba ngaphandle kunye nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ezinxulumene.Ngo-2019, ngokuchasene nemeko yokwanda kwemingcipheko yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo kunye nokungaqiniseki, ilizwe lam liqhubekile nokwandisa ubume borhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nemeko yezoshishino, amashishini asungulwe kwaye asebenzisa iimarike ezinokuthi zibekho, kunye norhwebo lwangaphandle luqhubekile ukugcina isantya sophuculo oluzinzileyo kumgangatho. .

Kuxelwe ukuba ngo-2019, ixabiso lilonke lokungeniswa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwelizwe lam lalingama-31.54 eebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni, ukonyuka konyaka nge-3.4%, apho ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwaba yi-17.23 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-5% I-14.31 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda nge-1.6%, kunye nentsalela yorhwebo ye-2.92 yetriliyoni ye-yuan.Yandiswe ngama-25.4%.Ukungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokungeniswa ngaphandle konyaka wonke konke kufikelele kwirekhodi eliphezulu.

Kukho izizathu ezithathu ezingundoqo zokukhula okuthe gqolo korhwebo lwelizwe lam lwangaphandle nokuthengisa ngaphandle.Okokuqala, uqoqosho lwelizwe lam lusawugcina umgangatho wozinzo kunye nophuculo oluhle lwexesha elide;okwesibini, uqoqosho lwelizwe lam lunokomelela olomeleleyo, amandla kunye nendawo yokuqhuba.Umzekelo, ilizwe lam lineentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-220 zeemveliso zemizi-mveliso, imveliso ikwinqanaba lokuqala kwihlabathi, kwaye amashishini asekhaya abonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo kuphuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle.Okwesithathu, isiphumo somgaqo-nkqubo wokuzinzisa urhwebo lwangaphandle luqhubekile lukhutshwa.Esona sizathu siphambili sesokuba uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemilinganiselo yokuzinzisa urhwebo lwangaphandle, olufana nokulungelelanisa ulawulo kunye namagunya okunikezela, ukucuthwa kweerhafu nemirhumo, kunye nokuphucula ngokuqhubekayo okusingqongileyo kwezibuko, kukongezele kakhulu ukuzithemba kwemarike nakumashishini.

Ngo-2019, uphuhliso lwezorhwebo lwangaphandle lwelizwe lam lubonise iimpawu ezintandathu: okokuqala, isikali sokuthengiswa kwempahla kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwanda ngekota ngekota;okwesibini, inqanaba lamaqabane orhwebo atshintshileyo, kwaye i-ASEAN yaba liqabane lesibini elikhulu lezorhwebo kwilizwe lam;okwesithathu, amashishini abucala awodlula amashishini atyalwe kumazwe angaphandle okokuqala kwaye aba lelona ziko lorhwebo lwangaphandle lwelizwe lam;okwesine, ulwakhiwo lweendlela zokurhweba luye lwaphuculwa ngakumbi, kwaye umlinganiselo wokurhweba ngokubanzi kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuye kwanda;okwesihlanu, iimveliso ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ubukhulu becala ziimveliso zoomatshini nezifuna abasebenzi abaninzi, kwaye umlinganiselo weemveliso zoomatshini nezombane usondele kuma-60%;eyesithandathu yintsimbi Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe izinto ezifana nesanti, i-oli ekrwada, igesi yendalo, kunye neembotyi zesoya zonyukile.

Izinga lokukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye norhwebo lwehlile kakhulu, kwaye ubhubhani omtsha wesithsaba ubethe ishishini lemveliso yehlabathi.Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-2019 ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-2020, uqoqosho lwehlabathi lwake lwazinza kwaye lwaphinda lwaqhama, kodwa uphuhliso lobhubhani omtsha we-pneumonia lubangele impembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye norhwebo.I-IMF iqikelela ukuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi luza kudodobala ngo-2020, kwaye ukudodobala koqoqosho kuya kuba kukhulu njengengxaki yezemali ka-2008.nzulu ngakumbi.ISalathiso seKota yoRhwebo lweHlabathi lwekota yokuqala sifike kuma-95.5, sihla sisuka kuma-96.6 ngoNovemba wama-2019. Iimpembelelo zobhubhane kuqoqosho lwehlabathi ziyavela, kwaye phantse akukho nalinye kuqoqosho oluphambili lwehlabathi kunye namazwe arhwebayo amakhulu analo. usindisiwe.

Ukuhamba ngolwandle kwihlabathi jikelele kwehle ngama-25% kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba yehle nge-10% iyonke unyaka wonke.Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zika-2020, inqanaba lokukhula kwesikhongozeli samazibuko amakhulu ehlabathi lisekwinqanaba lokukhula elibi, ngelixa i-container ye-Ningbo Zhoushan Port, i-Guangzhou Port, i-Qingdao Port kunye ne-Tianjin Port e-China ziye zagcina iindlela zokukhula ezintle zokwahluka. izidanga, ezibonisa imarike yasekhaya.ukuchacha ngcono.

Ukujonga kwindlela etshintsha ngayo urhwebo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle lwamazibuko angaphakathi ngaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo ngo-2020, imarike yorhwebo yangaphakathi yamazibuko yachatshazelwa kanobom ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi, ngokuhla okuncinci okungaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-10, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe iye yabuya yabuya. U-Epreli, ubukhulu becala kunye nezasekhaya Ngokubhekiselele kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwezibuko, ngaphandle kokuhla okuncinci kwisikali semveliso ngo-Matshi, abanye bahlala kwinqanaba elingaphezulu kwexesha elifanayo ngo-2019, ebonisa ukuba uphuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina uzinzile ngakumbi, ikakhulu Kungenxa yokuba ubhubhani wangaphandle awuzange ulawulwe ngokufanelekileyo ixesha elide, imveliso yemizi-mveliso iye yacinezelwa, kwaye unikezelo kunye nemfuno yemarike yangaphandle iye yanda ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza uphuhliso lwemarike ye-China yokuthumela ngaphandle.

Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lorhwebelwano lwangaphandle, iChina iye yaba lelona lizwe likhulu malunga nokuhanjiswa kwezibuko.Ngo-2020, ukuqhambuka kwesifo esitsha sesithsaba senyumoniya kuye kwamisa imveliso, umthamo wezorhwebo wamazwe ahlukeneyo wehlile, kwaye uphuhliso lwentengiso yokuthumela ngenqanawa luchaphazeleke kakhulu.Ubhubhani wasekhaya uye walawuleka ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha elifutshane ngokwentelekiso, uqoqosho luye lwachacha ngokuthe ngcembe, imveliso yemizi-mveliso iye yachacha ngokukhawuleza, iimveliso zasekhaya zithunyelwa kwimarike yehlabathi, nemfuno yorhwebo kumazwe angaphandle iye yanda.Ukusukela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuNovemba ka-2020, imithwalo yemithwalo yamazibuko engaphezulu kobukhulu obumiselweyo kwilizwe lam ifikelele kwi-13.25 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni, ukunyuka nge-4.18% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2019.

Ukuchatshazelwa ngubhubhani omtsha wenyumoniya, urhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele luya kwehla nge-9.2% ngo-2020, kwaye isikali sorhwebo lwehlabathi siya kuba sezantsi kakhulu kunangaphambi kobhubhani omtsha we-pneumonia.Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yorhwebelwano lwehlabathi oludodayo, ukukhula kweChina kumazwe angaphandle kugqithise kakhulu bekulindelwe.NgoNovemba ka-2020, ayizange irekhode nje ukukhula okulungileyo kwiinyanga ezisi-8 ezilandelelanayo, kodwa ibonise ukomelela okuqinileyo, kwaye izinga lokukhula lifikelele kwelona nqanaba liphezulu lonyaka kwi-14.9%.Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele ekuthengisweni kwempahla, emva kokuba ixabiso lenyanga lingena kwirekhodi eliphezulu le-1.4 yezigidigidi ze-yuan ngoSeptemba, izinga lokukhula kwexabiso lokungenisa liye labuyela kuluhlu olubi lokukhula ngoNovemba.

Kuyaqondwa ukuba ngo-2020, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwelizwe lam kulindeleke ukuba luqhubeke nokugcina ukukhula okuzinzileyo, kwaye uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu luya kufikelela kwinqanaba elitsha.Ukuchacha koqoqosho lwehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba kuqhube ukukhula korhwebo, kwaye ukuchacha okuthe chu koqoqosho lwangaphakathi kukwabonelela ngenkxaso emandla kuphuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle.Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kwakhona sibone ukuba kukho ukungaqiniseki okuninzi kwiinguqu kwimeko yobhubhane kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, kwaye uphuhliso lwelizwe lam lorhwebo lwangaphandle lusajongene nobunzima kunye nemingeni..Kukholelwa ukuba ngokwenziwa okukhawulezileyo kwepateni entsha yophuhliso kunye nomjikelo wasekhaya njengowona mbutho uphambili kunye nokukhuthazana kwemijikelo emibini yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqhubela phambili kokuvulwa kwenqanaba eliphezulu kwihlabathi langaphandle, kunye nokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kwehlabathi. Intsebenziswano entsha yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenzuzo ezintsha zokukhuphisana, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwelizwe lam kunye nesikali sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuba sigcinwe ngo-2021.